Hallux rigidus is a degenerative joint condition that affects the big toe. It involves a gradual stiffening and loss of mobility in the joint at the base of the big toe. "Hallux" refers to the big toe, and "rigidus" means stiff – the name itself describes the primary symptom: a limited range of motion in the toe.
Symptoms:
The condition often starts with pain and increasing restriction of movement in the big toe, especially when walking or pushing off the foot. Initially, there may be inflammation and swelling. In advanced stages, the joint may become completely immobile.
Diagnosis:
The diagnosis is typically made through a physical examination and palpation of the joint. The doctor will assess the range of motion in the big toe and look for signs of swelling or bone growths (called osteophytes). X-rays help to evaluate the extent of arthritis and determine how much the joint is affected.
Treatment Options:
The treatment for hallux rigidus depends on the severity of the condition:
- Conservative Measures:
- Pain Relievers and Anti-inflammatory Medications: These can help reduce pain and inflammation.
- Orthotics (Shoe Adjustments): Special insoles and/or rocker soles with added support or a stiffened sole can help relieve pressure on the big toe joint and make walking easier.
- Physical Therapy: Stretching and strengthening exercises for the foot can help maintain joint mobility and strengthen the surrounding muscles.
- Surgical Measures:
- Cheilectomy: In the early stages, a cheilectomy can be performed, where bone spurs and inflamed tissue are removed to improve joint mobility.
- Arthrodesis (Joint Fusion): In advanced cases, the affected joint is fused to eliminate pain. However, this results in the loss of mobility in the big toe.
- Endoprosthesis: In some cases, a prosthetic joint may be implanted to maintain mobility and relieve pain.
Prevention:
To prevent the progression of hallux rigidus, it is important to take early action. This includes wearing comfortable, well-fitting shoes with enough space for the toes and avoiding high heels. Regular foot exercises and toe stretches can also be helpful in promoting mobility and maintaining joint function.