Hammer toes are a common toe deformity where there is an abnormal curvature in the middle joint of one or more toes. This misalignment can cause pain and make walking difficult. The second toe, directly next to the big toe, is most commonly affected, but other toes can also be involved.

Symptoms:

  • Abnormal Curvature: The affected toe is bent downward at the middle joint, with the tip of the toe making contact with the ground, giving it the typical "hammer" appearance.
  • Pain: Pain can occur, especially when wearing tight shoes or during the foot's roll-off, particularly where the toe presses against the hard toe cap of the shoe.
  • Calluses and Corns: These often develop where the bent toe rubs against the tight shoe.
  • Limited Mobility: The toe may feel stiff and may not fully straighten.

Diagnosis:

The diagnosis of hammer toes is usually made through a physical examination. The doctor will assess the toe's mobility and the position of the joints. X-rays may also be taken to evaluate the severity of the deformity and any associated bone changes.

 

Treatment Options:

The treatment for hallux rigidus depends on the severity of the condition:

  1. Conservative Measures:
  • Shoe Adjustment: Wearing wide, comfortable shoes with enough space for the toes can help reduce pressure on the affected toes. Avoid shoes with high heels or narrow toe boxes.
  • Cushions and Insoles: Special cushions or insoles can help relieve pressure on affected areas and reduce pain.
  • Toe Exercises: Exercises aimed at stretching and strengthening the toes can help improve mobility.
  • Splints: In some cases, a toe splint can be used to stretch the toe and correct the misalignment.
  1. Surgical Measures:
  • Tendon Lengthening or Relocation: In less severe cases, the tendon holding the toe in the wrong position can be lengthened or relocated to bring the toe back into a normal position.
  • Joint Fusion: In more severe deformities, the affected joint may be fused to straighten the toe.
  • Bone Removal: In some cases, a small portion of the bone is removed to straighten the toe and correct the misalignment.
 

Prevention:

To prevent hammer toes, it is important to wear well-fitting shoes that provide enough space for the toes. Avoid shoes that squeeze the toes or have high heels. Regular stretching exercises and strengthening the foot muscles can also be helpful in reducing the risk of developing hammer toes.